12.    Share-based Compensation

On August 28, 2019, the Company adopted the 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The 2019 Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock units, performance awards, dividend equivalent rights and other awards, which may be granted singly, in combination, or in tandem, and which may be paid in cash, shares of common stock of the Company or a combination of cash and shares of common stock of the Company. The Company initially reserved a total of 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for awards under the 2019 Plan. Effective as of May 26, 2020 and May 3, 2021, respectively, the Board approved an increase of the number of authorized shares of common stock reserved under the 2019 Plan from 2,000,000 shares of common stock to 17,000,000 shares of common stock and from 17,000,000 shares of common stock to 20,000,000 shares of common stock, all of which may be delivered pursuant to incentive stock options., all of which may be delivered pursuant to incentive stock options. Subject to adjustments pursuant to the 2019 Plan, the maximum number of shares of common stock with respect to which stock options or SARs may be granted to an executive officer during any calendar year is 500,000 shares of common stock.

Incentive stock options

On March 8, 2021, the Company granted Dr. Jerome Zeldis, a member of the Company Board, an option to purchase up to 666,667 shares of the Company’s common stock at a per share exercise price of $0.06 under the Company’s 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan.  This option award fully vested as of the date of grant.  

On March 8, 2021, the Company appointed Steven Glassman to the Board of Directors to serve for a term expiring at the next annual meeting of stockholders or until his successor is duly elected and qualified.  On March 8, 2021 and in consideration for his appointment to the board of directors, the Company granted Mr. Glassman an option to purchase up to 500,000 shares of common stock at a per share exercise price of $0.08 under the Company’s 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan.  This option award fully vested as of the date of grant.  

On January 15, 2021, the Company awarded a contractor options to purchase an aggregate of 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a per share exercise price of $0.06 under the Company’s 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan.  This option award fully vested 20% as of the date of grant and the remaining 80% in November 2022.  

In May 2020 and July 2020, pursuant to the terms of the 2019 Plan, the Company awarded options to purchase an aggregate of 5,325,000 shares of common stock to two of its employees and one contractor. Pursuant to the terms of the option agreements, 325,000 of the options vested on the date of grant, and of the 5,000,000 options, 10% of such options vested on the date of grant, and the remaining of such options will vest upon meeting established criteria.  The term of the options is ten years.

On February 17, 2020, the Company granted certain equity awards to the members of the Company's Board of Director with the following terms: each of Messrs. Stefansky and Stein received two annual awards of stock options equal to $40,000 of the Company's common stock, granted under the Company 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Incentive Plan"), with (i) the first grant being the right to purchase up to 2,857,141 shares of the Company's common stock at a per share exercise price of $0.014 with one-half of such option vesting on March 31, 2020 and the remaining one-half vesting in equal installments on June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, respectively, and with an acceleration of any unvested options upon the departure of applicable Board member from the Board for any reason and (ii) the second grant being the right to purchase up to a number of shares of the Company's common stock equal to $40,000 divided by the Fair Market Value (as defined in the Incentive Plan) of the Company's common stock as of October 10, 2020 at a per share exercise price equal to Fair Market Value of the Company's common stock as of October 10, 2020, which the Board determined to be $0.06 and equates to 666,667 shares underlying each of the second grants, with one-fourth of such option vesting on each of December 31, 2020, March 31, 2021, June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021, respectively, and with an acceleration of any unvested options upon the departure of applicable Board member from the Board for any reason.

The following table contains information about the 2019 Plan as of June 30, 2021:

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The following table summarizes the Company’s incentive stock option activity and related information for the period ended December 31, 2020 and for the period ended June 30, 2021:

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As of June 30, 2021, vested outstanding stock options had $988 thousand intrinsic value as the exercise price is greater than the estimated fair value of the underlying common stock. As of June 30, 2021, there was approximately $75 thousand of total unrecognized share-based compensation related to unvested stock options, which the Company expects to recognize over the next 12 months.

The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock option awards on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period of the award. The service period is generally the vesting period.  The following assumptions were used to calculate share-based compensation expense for six months ended June 30, 2021:

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The Company does not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior. Accordingly, the Company has elected to use the “simplified method” to estimate the expected term of its share-based awards. The simplified method computes the expected term as the sum of the award’s vesting term plus the original contractual term divided by two.

Based on the lack of historical data of volatility for the Company’s common stock, the Company based its estimate of expected volatility on a weighted-average of the historical volatility of comparable public companies that manufacture similar products and are similar in size, stage of life cycle, and financial leverage.

Restrictive stock awards

On February 17, 2020, the Company granted a restricted stock award of 5,928,571 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and then Interim Chief Financial Officer, Adam Levy, with the following vesting terms: (i) 3/12^th of such shares vested as of February 17, 2020; (ii) 1/12^th of such shares vested on each of the eight months following February 17, 2020 and (iii) all remaining shares vest on September 10, 2020.

On March 8, 2021, the Company granted a restricted stock award of 1,383,333 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Adam Levy for his service as our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer from October 1, 2020 through September 30, 2021, all of which shares vested immediately.

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Under ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), the Company has measured the value of its February 2020 award as if it were vested and issued on the grant date with a value of $83 thousand based on the closing price of the Company's stock at the grant date of the RSU Grant ($0.014 per share). An additional issuance of 1,383,333 shares was granted based on a closing price of the closing price of the Company’s stock at the grant date of the RSU Grant ($0.06 per share). As of June 30, 2021, there was approximately $21 thousand of total unrecognized share-based compensation related to restricted stock awards, which the Company expects to recognize over the next 6 months.

Compensation expense will be recognized ratably over the total vesting schedule. The Company will periodically adjust the cumulative compensation expense for forfeited awards. Stock based compensation of $143 thousand and $104 thousand has been recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Warrants

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The following table shows a summary of common stock warrants through June 30, 2021:

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As of June 30, 2021, vested outstanding warrants had $561 thousand intrinsic value as the exercise price is greater than the estimated fair value of the underlying common stock.